References

This page provides references that relate to our latest Strategic plan, 2021-26

1. Number of nominal records on the Police National Computer, FOI 44921 https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/number_of_nominal_records_on_the#incoming-1034614 
2. Ministry of Justice (2019) The economic and social costs of reoffending, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/814650/economic-social-costs-reoffending.pdf 
3. Department for Work and Pensions (2012) Government launches employment support for prisoners https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-launches-employment-support-for-prisoners 
4. Between 7 and 8% of people sentenced by the courts each year are immediately sent to prison. For example, Ministry of Justice (2020) Criminal justice statistics quarterly, June 2020 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/934391/criminal-justice-statistics-quarterly-june-2020.pdf 
5. Ministry of Justice (2010) Conviction histories of Offenders between the ages of 10 and 52 (England and Wales) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/217474/criminal-histories-bulletin.pdf 
6. Ministry of Justice (2010) Conviction histories of Offenders between the ages of 10 and 52 (England and Wales) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/217474/criminal-histories-bulletin.pdf 
7. Ministry of Justice and DWP (2011) Offending, employment and benefits – emerging findings from the data linkage project https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/217428/offending-employment-benefits-emerging-findings-1111.pdf 
8. Ministry of Justice (2012) Accommodation, homelessness and reoffending of prisoners https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/accommodation-homelessness-and-reoffending-of-prisoners 
9. Working Links (2010) Tagged for life https://www.onrec.com/news/news-archive/prejudged-tagged-for-life 
10. YouGov (2016) Employer’s attitudes to people with convictions https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/42yrwvixdo/YG-Archive-160126-DWPwaves.pdf 
11. A number of studies in the United States has looked at the impact of criminal records reform. A study that found that expungement boosted participants’ employment rates and average real earnings )https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7617&context=jclc) and another which found that average wages rose by 23% post-expungement and that recidivism amongst expungees was very low – 4% (https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/2020-06/regulation-v43n2-3.pdf). A summary of the evidence is available at https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-10/how-clearing-criminal-records-puts-people-to-work 
12. Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice system published periodically by the Ministry of Justice since 2010 has shown this. See Ministry of Justice (2018) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/849200/statistics-on-race-and-the-cjs-2018.pdf 
13. Bulman, M. (2018) Black teenage boys more likely to get maximum jail terms than white children, Independent 3 October 2018, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/black-boys-discrimination-teenagers-children-white-racial-bias-prison-a8466606.html 
14. Disclosure and Barring Service (2020) DBS dataset 1: Disclosure Progress, Update Service and DBS Basics Information , https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/dbs-dataset-1-disclosure-progress-information-disclosed-and-update-service-subscriptions 
15. Ministry of Justice (2020) Criminal justice system statistics quarterly: December 2019 https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/criminal-justice-system-statistics-quarterly-december-2019